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China is urging colleges and universities to provide “love education” to emphasise positive views on marriage, love, fertility and family, in a bid to boost the country’s flagging birth rate.

Beijing has been promoting various measures to try to make having children more attractive to young couples after China posted a second consecutive year of population decline in 2023.

China has the second-biggest population in the world at 1.4 billion, but it is ageing quickly, which will increase the demands on government spending in the future and put pressure on the economy.

College students will be the biggest driver of fertility but they have significantly changed their views on marriage and love, the Jiangsu Xinhua newspaper group said, citing China Population News, an official publication.

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The measures would help create a “healthy and positive marriage and childbearing cultural atmosphere.”

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The state council, or cabinet, rallied local governments in November to direct resources towards fixing China’s population decline and spread respect for childbearing and marriages “at the right age,” although demographers said the moves were unlikely to resonate with young Chinese.

Around 57% of college students polled by China Population News said they did not want to fall in love, mainly because they did not know how to allocate time to balance the relationship between study and love, the publication said.

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Universities could focus on teaching junior college students about population and national conditions, new marriage and childbearing concepts, it said.

Senior college students and graduate students could be taught through “case analysis, group discussion on maintaining intimate relationships and communication between the sexes.”

The courses would be able to help them “improve their ability to correctly understand marriage and love and manage love relationships.”